Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs frequently prescribed for the treatment of anxiety, sleep disorders and some seizure conditions. Physical and psychological effects include lethargy, reduced motor coordination and drowsiness. Physical dependence can occur and withdrawal symptoms may appear when the medication is discontinued. Benzodiazepines may be detected in the urine up to 10 days after use.

Barbiturates are a class of central nervous system depressants used medically as sedatives and anticonvulsants. Barbiturates include Phenobarbital, pentobarbital, secobarbital, butalbital and amobarbital. Common physical effects include impaired motor coordination, anesthesia, sedation, cardiovascular and respiratory depression. Short acting barbiturates, such as secobarbital and butalbital, can be detected in urine up to 4 days after use. Long-acting barbiturates, such as Phenobarbital, can be detected in urine up to 3 weeks.

Amphetamines biological effects include potent central nervous system stimulation, apetite reduction, hyperthermia, insomnia and euphoria. Pharmaceutical names include Adderall® and Dexedrine®. Common street names include “speed” and “uppers”. The detection window of amphetamine in urine is 1 to 2 days after use.